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• During the Spanish era, the Ifugaos resisted colonization and raided Cagayan Valley settlements.
  
• In 1767, a 500-man Spanish expeditionary force was routed by 5,000 Ifugaos in the Battle of Kiangan.
• Other Spanish military expeditions penetrated Ifugao territory between 1829 and 1837
  
• In 1839, Ifugao was made part of the territory of Nueva Vizcaya.
• In 1841, a politico-military district was set up in Kiangan, from which missionaries could approach outlying villages.
• An 1868 rebellion needed a strong military force to counter it. 
  
• During the revolution, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo also passed by Mayoyao during his escape to Palanan (Isabela).
• The Americans arrived in 1901 and immediately began the task of establishing law and order, opening a school and cutting trails between villages.
• They ended tribal conflicts and developed friendly relations with the Ifugaos by holding huge canaos in Kiangan and Banaue in 1907 and 1908.
• In 1924, the road from Ifugao to Sta. Fe (Nueva Vizcaya) was opened.
• Ifugao was made a sub-province of Mountain Province upon its creation on August 4, 1908 by virtue of Philippine Legislative Act No. 1876.  Luis Pawid of Kiangan served as the first deputy governor.  It was then composed of five towns: Burnay (now Lagawe), Kiangan, Banaue, Mayoyao and Hungduan.
• On January 1942, during World War II, the Japanese started the thrust into Ifugao.
• On February 2, 1942, the Japanese marched towards Kiangan and entered the town on May 15.   A garrison was established there.
• Filipino-American guerillas under Maj. Russell Volckmann and Capt. Donald Blackburn operated in Ifugao throughout the occupation. 
  
• Within a few months of the U.S. landing at Lingayen, the Japanese were retreating into Ifugao from both east and west. 
  
• Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita established a stronghold on Mt. Napalauan and his 16,000 troops were subjected to continuous bombing and artillery fire. 
  
• Kiangan was liberated on July 12, 1945
  
• A battle was fought at Mayoyao Ridge from July 26 to August 8, 1945.  Its fall broke the enemy's long-range resistance
  
• On September 2, 1945, Yamashita marched to Kiangan where he surrendered.
• On June 18, 1966, Ifugao was separated from Mountain Province by virtue of the Division Law of Republic Act No. 4695 with Lagawe as capital.
• Gualberto Lumauig, the first governor, was inducted on March 26, 1967.
• In 1972, Ifugao was made a part of the Cagayan Valley region by virtue of Presidential Order No. 1.
  
• On July 15, 1987, the province was integrated into the newly-created Cordillera Autonomous Region by virtue of Exec. Order No. 220.

The higher elevation and forest cover accounts for the significantly cooler climate.  The cool and short dry season starts from the early part of January to late April. The wet season starts from May to late December and it rains heavily from June to October.  March and April are the hottest months.  Temperature ranges from 20º Celsius from April to September and as low as 16° Celsius from November to January.  Banaue, Hungduan, Tinoc and the western part of Kiangan are the coolest places in the province.

The industrious Ifugaos depend mainly on rice growing and life in the mountains revolves around the rice terraces.  Agricultural rituals are one of the most elaborate, involving feasting on rice wine, rice cakes, fowls and pigs.  People from neighboring villages also join in the fun.  Livestock, poultry raising, loom weaving, basketry, rice wine brewing and papermaking also augments the Ifugao’s subsistence.  Woodcarving, especially those from Hapao, also stands out.

This province, one of the smallest in the country, lies at the central part of Northern Luzon and is surrounded by the rugged peaks of the Polis Range of the Cordillera Mountains.  It is bounded on the north by Mountain Province, on the west by Benguet, on the east by Isabela and the Magat River and on the south by Nueva Vizcaya.  Situated on the 3,000-m. high Cordillera Mountain range, the terrain is generally rugged and mountainous, cut by deep valleys and V-shaped valleys.  Five of the country's eight highest peaks are located here: Mt. Tabayok (2,842 m.), Mt. Sobangan (2,669 m.), Mt. Cawit (2,669 m.), Mt. Abao (2,662 m.) and Mt. Palugloko (2,356 m.).  Numerous swift rivers and waterfalls drain into steep-sided, lowland valleys.

• Capital: Lagawe
• Area (sq. kms.): 2,628.2
• Population (2007): 180,711
• No. of Barangays: 175
• Income Class: Sixth
• No. of Districts: 1
• No. of Towns: 11 (Aguinaldo, Alfonso Lista, Asipolo, Banaue, Hingyon, Hungduan, Kiangan, Lagawe, Lamut, Mayoyao and Tinoc)
• No. of Cities: None
• Area Code: 074

Most of the people speak the Ifugao dialect.  Others speak Ilocano and Bontoc.  English and Pilipino are widely spoken and understood.

• Provincial Tourism Office – Lagawe (tel: 382-2108, cel: 0920-8075498).

Electricity is 220 volts and 60 cycles and is distributed by IFELCO (Ifugao Electric Cooperative) based in Lagawe.